A darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside. It is a device that makes use of an optical phenomenon in which light rays reverse themselves when they pass through a small aperture.
2. DAGUERROTYPE:
-Daguerreotype was one of the first forms of photography. -Image was a fixed permanent on a silver plate. -A chemical reaction between the silver, iodine an a mercury vapour and then ‘fixed’ with a salt solution. -Clear image, but only one permanent image, could not produce multiples
3. CALOTYPE/ TALBOTYPE:
-1835 new process produced a negative onpaper treated with silver. -Exposed paper was place over a second paperand exposed to bright light producing a positiveimage. - Was able to produce multiple copies of a single image. -Downfall was it was not as clear asDaguerrotype because of the photo transfer.
4. COLLODIAN WETPLATE:
Best of both techniques was used because it produced a clear image that could reproduce multiple times. A clean glass plate was evenly coated with collodian- plate that had to be dipped in a silver nitratesolution, inserted into the camera and exposed. It then had to be developed immediately and allowed to dry. If the plate dried before the process was complete, the emulsion would harden and the photograph would be ruined. Not easy, but it worked
5. DOROTHEA LANGE:
Dorothea Lange was an American documentary photographerand photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA).
6. LEWIS HINE:
Lewis Hine was an American sociologist and photographer. Hine used his camera as a tool for social reform. His photographs were instrumental in changing child labor laws in the United States.
7. MATTHEW BRADY:
Photographer Mathew Brady was grantedpermission to photograph images from the Civil War battlefields. Recorded a tragic period in American history.
8. EADWARD MUYBRIDGE:
Eadweard Muybridge invented the‘zoopraxiscope’ which produced a series of imagesof a moving subject. This contributed tremendously to understanding human kinetics and animal movements.